Honorary Committee	8
	Scientific Committee	9
	Organizing Committee	11
	Contents	12
	Part IDecision Making	16
	1 New Aggregation Methods for Decision-Making in the Selection of Business Opportunities	17
	Abstract	17
	1 Introduction	18
	2 Preliminares	19
	2.1 The OWA Operator	19
	2.2 The OWAAC Operator	20
	2.3 The OWAD Operator	20
	2.4 The OWAIMAM Operator	20
	2.5 A New Method for Dealing with the Weight of the OWA Operator	21
	3 Decision Making Approach for Starting New Business	23
	4 Numerical Example	24
	5 Conclusion	30
	References	30
	2 Credit Analysis Using a Combination of Fuzzy Robust PCA and a Classification Algorithm	33
	Abstract	33
	1 Introduction	33
	2 Classification Procedure	35
	2.1 Fuzzy Robust Principal Component Analysis (FRPCA)	35
	2.2 Fuzzy k-Nearest Neighbor Classifier	36
	2.3 Similarity Classifier	37
	3 Classification Results with an Australian Credit Screening Dataset	38
	3.1 Results from the Australian Credit Scoring Data with FRPCA and the Similarity Classifier	38
	3.2 Results from the Australian Credit Scoring Data with FRPCA and Fuzzy k-Nearest Neighbor Classifier	40
	3.3 Short Discussion About the Results	41
	4 Summary and Conclusions	42
	References	43
	3 Fuzzy TOPSIS for an Integrative Sustainability Performance Assessment: A Proposal for Wearing Apparel Industry	44
	Abstract	44
	1 Introduction	45
	2 Fuzzy Multi-criteria Decision-Making Method (MCDM)	45
	2.1 Fuzzy Inference System	45
	2.2 Fuzzy TOPSIS	47
	3 Empirical Design	48
	4 Results	49
	5 Conclusions	51
	References	51
	4 On the Orness of SUOWA Operators	53
	Abstract	53
	1 Introduction	53
	2 Preliminaries	54
	3 Choquet Integral	55
	3.1 Weighted Means and OWA Operators	57
	3.2 SUOWA Operators	57
	4 Orness Measures	58
	5 Conclusion	62
	Acknowledgments	62
	References	62
	5 OWA Operators in Portfolio Selection	64
	Abstract	64
	1 Introduction	64
	2 Preliminares	66
	2.1 The OWA Operator	66
	2.2 Portfolio Selection with Markowitz Approach	67
	3 The OWA Operator in Portfolio Selection	69
	3.1 Asset Return and Risk Using OWA	69
	3.2 Portfolio Mean Return and Risk Using OWA	70
	3.3 Investor's Criteria for Mean-OWA	72
	4 Conclusions	73
	References	74
	Part IIExpert Systems and Forgotten EffectsTheory	76
	6 Application of the Forgotten Effects Model to the Agency Theory	77
	Abstract	77
	1 Introduction	77
	2 The Recuperation of Forgotten Effects in the Resolution of the Agency Problem	79
	2.1 The Main Agency Problems (Effects)	79
	2.2 Mechanisms to Solve the Agency Problems (Causes)	80
	2.3 Process Work Out for the Detection of Possible Forgotten Effects	81
	3 Results	87
	4 Conclusions	88
	References	89
	7 Determining the Influence Variables in the Pork Price, Based on Expert Systems	90
	Abstract	90
	1 Introduction	90
	2 The Experts	91
	3 The Questionnaire	92
	4 The Variables	92
	5 The Process of Valuation from Experts and Making Expertons	93
	6 Analyzing Results	97
	7 Conclusions	99
	References	101
	8 Forgotten Effects Analysis Between the Regional Economic Activity of Michoacan and Welfare of Its Inhabitants	102
	Abstract	102
	1 Introduction	102
	2 Theoretical Background	103
	3 Methodology	105
	4 Application of the Model	108
	5 Results and Discussion	112
	6 Conclusions	114
	References	114
	9 Interval Numbers Versus Correlational Approaches Analyzing Corporate Social Responsibility	115
	Abstract	115
	1 Introduction	116
	2 Theoretical Background: CSR and Effectiveness	117
	3 OWA Operators: UPA, UWA and UPWA	118
	4 Procedure and Sample	118
	5 Results and Conclusions	120
	References	121
	10 Second-Order Changes on Personnel Assignment Under Uncertainty	122
	Abstract	122
	1 Introduction	122
	2 Methodology	123
	2.1 Employees Commitment Level Evaluation	123
	2.2 Fuzzy SOC	124
	3 Study Case	129
	4 Conclusions	133
	References	133
	Part IIIForecasting Models	134
	11 Advanced Spectral Methods and Their Potential in Forecasting Fuzzy-Valued and Multivariate Financial Time Series	135
	Abstract	135
	1 Introduction	136
	2 Approaches to Extracting Independent Factors from Signal Mixtures: The FastICA Algorithm	136
	3 Singular Spectrum Analysis, Its Multivariate Extension, and the Recurrent SSA Forecasting Procedure	138
	4 Applying MSSA to Forecasting Triangular-Shaped Fuzzy Monthly Exchange Rates	141
	5 A Hybrid ICA-SSA Approach to Separating and Forecasting Independent Factors and then Remixing the Forecasts into the Observable Foreign Exchange Rates	142
	6 Conclusion	146
	12 Goodness of Aggregation Operators in a Diagnostic Fuzzy Model of Business Failure	147
	Abstract	147
	1 Introduction	148
	2 The Diagnosis Model	148
	3 Limitations of the Model	150
	4 Grouping the Causes	150
	4.1 The Aggregation Operators	151
	4.2 Motion for Monitoring and Grouping of Causes	152
	5 Goodness Index	153
	6 Estimation of the Model	154
	7 Empirical Verification of the Grouping	156
	8 Conclusions	157
	Appendix A	159
	Appendix B	160
	References	162
	13 Forecasting Global Growth in an Uncertain Environment	164
	Abstract	164
	1 Introduction	164
	2 Literature Review	166
	3 Fuzzy Regression Model	167
	4 Forecasting Model of GDP Growth Rate	168
	5 Conclusion	170
	References	170
	14 Fuzzy NN Time Series Forecasting	172
	Abstract	172
	1 Introduction	173
	2 Nearest Neighbour Forecasting Method	175
	2.1 One-Step-Ahead Forecasting	175
	3 Fuzzy Logic	176
	3.1 Classical and Fuzzy Sets	176
	3.2 Fuzzy Operations	176
	4 Fuzzy Nearest Neighbours	178
	4.1 Fuzzy Linguistic Terms	178
	4.2 Fuzzy Rules	178
	4.3 Learning Phase	179
	4.4 Fuzzy Forecasting	181
	4.5 Multi-step Simultaneous Forecasting	181
	5 Study Case	182
	6 Conclusions	183
	References	183
	Part IVFuzzy Logic and Fuzzy Sets	185
	15 A Methodology for the Valuation of Quality Management System in a Fuzzy Environment	186
	Abstract	186
	1 Introduction	186
	2 Proposed Methodology	187
	2.1 Valuation of the Company with the ISO 9001 Quality System	187
	2.2 Valuation of the Company Without the ISO 9001 Quality System	189
	2.3 Valuation of the Quality System	190
	3 Case Study	190
	3.1 Valuation Assuming that It Has the Quality System Implementation	192
	3.2 Valuation Assuming that It Has not the Quality System Implemented	193
	3.3 Valuation of the ISO 9001 Quality System	194
	4 Conclusions	195
	References	195
	16 A Qualitative Study to Strong Allee Effect with Fuzzy Parameters	197
	Abstract	197
	1 Introduction	197
	2 Allee Effect Equation with Fuzzy Parameters	199
	3 Examples	202
	4 Conclusions	206
	References	206
	17 Distribution of Financial Resources Using a Fuzzy Transportation Model	207
	Abstract	207
	1 Introduction	207
	2 Preliminaries	208
	2.1 Classic Transportation Problem	208
	2.2 Elements of Fuzzy Sets	209
	2.3 Ranking Fuzzy Numbers	210
	3 Fuzzy Transportation Problem (FTP)	210
	4 Determining the Optimal Structure in the Financing of a Firm	213
	4.1 Application Case	213
	5 Final Comments	218
	References	218
	18 Clustering Variables Based on Fuzzy Equivalence Relations	220
	Abstract	220
	1 Introduction	220
	2 Literature Review	222
	3 Fuzzy Equivalence Relations	223
	4 Proposed Method for Clustering Variables and Factor Analysis Based on Fuzzy Equivalence Relation	224
	4.1 Empirical Example -- Variable Clustering	225
	4.2 Empirical Example -- Factor Analysis	228
	5 Some Interpretations of the Clustered Variables	230
	6 Conclusions	230
	Acknowledgments	230
	References	231
	19 Fuzzy EOQ Inventory Model With and Without Production as an Enterprise Improvement Strategy	232
	Abstract	232
	1 Introduction	232
	2 Stock Costs	234
	3 Demand Behavior	234
	4 Classical Economic Order(ing) Quantity (EOQ)	235
	5 Classical Economic Order(ing) Quantity (EOQ) with Production	237
	6 Case Analysis	240
	7 Results	240
	8 Conclusions	241
	9 Recommendations	242
	References	242
	Part VModelling and Simulation Techniques	243
	20 A Bibliometric Overview of Financial Studies	244
	Abstract	244
	1 Introduction	244
	2 Citation Structure in Finance	245
	3 Journal Rankings	247
	4 The Most Influential Papers in Finance	249
	5 Conclusions	253
	Acknowledgments	253
	References	253
	21 A Theoretical Approach to Endogenous Development Traps in an Evolutionary Economic System	254
	Abstract	254
	1 Introduction	254
	2 ESO Systems	257
	3 Economic Systems in Evolution	259
	4 Economics ESO Systems	262
	4.1 Development Traps and Unsuccessful EESO Systems	264
	5 Discussion	265
	References	266
	22 ABC, A Viable Algorithm for the Political Districting Problem	267
	Abstract	267
	1 Introduction	268
	2 Problem Description	269
	3 Heuristic Algorithms	270
	3.1 Simulated Annealing	270
	3.2 Simulated Annealing Adaptation	271
	3.3 Artificial Bee Colony	271
	3.4 Artificial Bee Colony Adaptation	272
	4 Computational Experiments	273
	5 Conclusions	275
	References	275
	23 Asymmetric Uncertainty of Mortality and Longevity in the Spanish Population	277
	Abstract	277
	1 Introduction	278
	2 Methodology	279
	2.1 Factor Models	279
	3 Data and Results	281
	4 Conclusions	284
	24 Joint Modeling of Health Care Usage and Longevity Uncertainty for an Insurance Portfolio	286
	Abstract	286
	1 Introduction	286
	2 Data and Methods	288
	2.1 Longitudinal Submodel: Random Intercept Model	289
	2.2 Survival Submodel: PH Cox Model	289
	2.3 Joint Model for Longitudinal and Survival Data	290
	3 Results and Prediction	291
	4 Conclusions	292
	References	293
	25 The Commodities Financialization As a New Source of Uncertainty: The Case of the Incidence of the Interest Rate Over the Maize Price During 1990--2014	295
	Abstract	295
	1 Introduction	295
	2 Commodities Financialization	296
	3 The Interest Rate Incidence Over the Maize Price	297
	3.1 VAR Model	298
	3.2 Testing and Results	299
	3.3 Period 1990--2003	299
	3.4 Period 2004--2014	301
	4 Conclusions	303
	26 The Fairness/Efficiency Issue Explored Through El Farol Bar Model	304
	Abstract	304
	1 Introduction	304
	2 Efficiency of Social Choices According to the El Farol Bar Model	306
	3 NetLogo Implementations of El Farol Bar Model	307
	3.1 The Original El Farol Bar Problem (AG9404-Original)	309
	3.1.1 Predictors	309
	3.1.2 Learning System	309
	3.2 El Farol with Weighted Predictors (FW9907-Weighted)	310
	3.2.1 Predictors	310
	3.2.2 Learning System	311
	3.3 El Farol with a Cyclic Strategy (BSW9903-Cyclic)	311
	3.3.1 Predictors	311
	3.3.2 Learning System	311
	3.4 El Farol with a Random Choice (FS9914-Random)	312
	3.4.1 Predictors	312
	3.4.2 Learning System	312
	3.5 Discussion	312
	4 The Fairness Issue	313
	4.1 A Measurement of Iniquity: The Gini Coefficient	313
	4.2 More Accurate Measurements of Efficiency and Fairness	315
	4.2.1 Fair Quantity (FQ) and Fair Period (FP)	315
	4.2.2 Measurement of Efficiency in the Fair Period	316
	4.2.3 Measurement of Fairness in the Fair Period	316
	4.2.4 Application of New Measurements of Efficiency and Fairness	317
	4.3 A Time-Box View of Fairness	317
	5 Conclusions and Guidelines for Future Research	320
	6 NetLogo Models	321
	References	322
	Part VINeural Networks and Genetic Algorithms	323
	27 Comparative Analysis Between Sustainable Index and Non-sustainable Index with Genetic Algorithms: Application to OECD Countries	324
	Abstract	324
	1 Introduction	324
	2 RSC by Regions	325
	3 Literature Review	326
	4 Theoretical Framework	327
	5 Genetic Algorithm	329
	6 Sample	330
	7 Software	332
	8 Results	332
	9 Conclusions	337
	References	338
	28 Sovereign Bond Spreads and Economic Variables of European Countries Under the Analysis of Self-organizing Maps	340
	Abstract	340
	1 Introduction	341
	2 Literature Review	342
	3 Methodology and Data	343
	4 Results	344
	5 Conclusions	349
	References	350
	29 Using Genetic Algorithms to Evolve a Type-2 Fuzzy Logic System for Predicting Bankruptcy	352
	Abstract	352
	1 Introduction	352
	2 Type-2 Fuzzy Sets	353
	3 Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems	354
	3.1 Main Components	354
	3.2 Fuzzifier	356
	3.3 Fuzzy Inference Engine	356
	3.4 Type-Reducer and Defuzzifier	357
	4 Evolving an IT2FLS by Genetic Algorithms for Predicting Bankruptcy	358
	5 Conclusion	361
	References	362
	Part VIIOptimization and Control	363
	30 Hedge for Automotive SMEs Using An Exotic Option	364
	Abstract	364
	1 Introduction	364
	2 Stochastic Model	365
	3 A Hedging Tool	368
	3.1 Ford Motor Company	368
	3.2 Renault	369
	3.3 Peugeot	370
	4 Conclusion	371
	References	372
	31 Obtaining Classification Rules Using LVQ+PSO: An Application to Credit Risk	373
	Abstract	373
	1 Introduction	374
	2 Related Work	374
	3 Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ)	375
	4 Obtaining Classification Rules with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)	376
	5 LVQ+PSO. Proposed Method for Obtaining Rules	377
	6 Results	379
	7 Conclusions	380
	Acknowledgments	380
	References	380
	32 Optimization of Securitized Cash Flows for Toll Roads	382
	Abstract	382
	1 Introduction	383
	2 The Selection of the Portfolio of Securitized Cash Flows	384
	2.1 Defining the Objective Functions	384
	2.2 Adding the Constraint Functions	389
	3 Solving the Optimization Problem by Fuzzy Programming	390
	4 Conclusions	393
	References	394
	33 SC: A Fuzzy Approximation for Nonlinear Regression Optimization	395
	Abstract	395
	1 Introduction	396
	2 Nonlinear Regression	397
	3 Fuzzy Numbers	398
	4 SC: System of Convergence	399
	5 Particle Swarm Optimization	400
	6 SC-PSO-3P	401
	7 Computational Results	402
	8 Conclusions and Further Research	406
	Acknowledgments	406
	References	406
	34 Winding Indexes at Specific Traveling Salesman Problems	408
	Abstract	408
	1 Introduction	408
	2 Recapitulation of Concepts	409
	2.1 Natural Evaluation of Euclidean Path Lengths	411
	2.2 Resuming Terms and Definitions	411
	3 Statements for the Winding Indexes	413
	3.1 Winding Indexes at the Euclidean Quasi-Hamiltonian Cycles in N-Gons	418
	4 Bistarred Hamiltonian Cycles in Coupled N-Gons	422
	5 Existence of Bistarred Hamiltonian Polygonals in Coupled Nodd-Gons	423
	5.1 Existence of Bistarred Quasi-Hamiltonian Cycles in Coupled Neven-Gons	426
	6 Conclusion	427
	References	427
	Author Index	429